Planning is the design, deployment and arrangement of the national or local governments at all levels for the development goals, scale, speed, and corresponding steps and measures of relevant industries, special projects and regions according to the national guidelines, policies and regulations. Planning consultation mainly refers to the preparation and consultation services of industrial, special and regional development plans.
According to the administrative level, it can be divided into national planning, provincial (district, city) planning, and municipal (county) planning; It can be divided into overall planning, special planning and regional planning according to objects and functional categories. According to the length of time covered, it can be divided into long-term planning and short-term planning.
The master plan is a strategic, programmatic and comprehensive plan for national economic and social development. It is the basis for the preparation of special plans, regional plans and relevant policies and annual plans at the same level and lower levels. Other plans should meet the requirements of the master plan.
The special plan is a plan prepared for specific areas of national economic and social development. It is a refinement of the overall plan in specific areas, and is also the basis for the government to guide the development of this area, approve and approve major projects, arrange government investment and financial expenditure budgets, and formulate relevant policies in specific areas.
Regional planning is a planning that aims at the national economic and social development of specific regions across administrative regions, and is the refinement and implementation of the overall planning in specific regions. Cross provincial (district, city) regional planning is the basis for the preparation of provincial (district, city) level master plans and special plans within the region.
The planning period of national master plan, provincial (district, city) master plan and regional plan is generally 5 years, which can be expected to be more than 10 years. The planning period of the city/county level master plan and various special plans can be determined according to needs.
The so-called industrial planning refers to the comprehensive use of various theoretical analysis tools, starting from the local actual situation, taking full account of the international, domestic and regional economic development trend, and making a scientific plan for more than one year on the local industrial development positioning, industrial system, industrial structure, industrial chain, spatial layout, economic and social environmental impact, implementation plan, etc.
Generally, when scientific research institutions or planning departments make industrial planning, they include status analysis, development strategy, industrial positioning, industrial system, industrial chain, proposed projects, environmental impacts, implementation plans, etc. However, in people's mind, more attention is paid to spatial planning, emphasizing that planners should have Grade A or Grade B qualifications, which is not really what industrial planning is. The core of the economic development of a region is industry. Three problems should be solved: what to do, why to do and how to do it. The spatial layout of the industry is just the distribution design of the industry in the region, which is part of the "how to do" link. Qualified planning units, often from the perspective of engineering and architecture, design the engineering content during the implementation of industrial planning. They must bear the risk responsibility caused by unreasonable design, so they must be qualified.
Just as the industry is important to the development of a person, the industrial planning must tell the local industry what to do, and demonstrate from the international and domestic industrial development trend, market capacity, technical level and other aspects that it is necessary and only to do these industries can have a future. Direction is crucial. Since ancient times, it has been said that you should not just bury your head in pulling a cart, but also look up at the road. The direction is wrong, the harder you work, the farther you go wrong.
Many staff members of local government departments, especially those below the county level, believe that we have been working in the local area for a long time and are too familiar with the local situation. If we want to ask what we should do, we have the most say; Therefore, the industrial planning is not paid enough attention. In fact, the long-term development as a matter of course has not made a breakthrough, which may be the fault of industrial planning.
In the current government work dominated by the economy, although the industrial planning has developed from the initial case to today, it is increasingly valued. However, for a long time, due to the lack of support from the planned system structure, the industrial planning prepared by various regions has played a positive role in clarifying the industrial development ideas, clarifying the industrial layout, establishing implementation measures, etc. At the same time, with the gradual deepening of industrial planning practice, many problems have been exposed:
1. The status of industrial planning is questioned. Whether industrial planning is a strategic planning that precedes urban planning in time sequence and provides ideas and basis for it, or a strategic planning that follows urban planning and provides implementation guarantee for it, has never been decided.
2. The depth of industrial planning is not enough. In terms of preparation methods, many industrial plans only describe the industrial layout in the city, or refine and summarize the status quo of industrial development. The technical (or professional) space of the plan is narrow, and there is a lack of deep understanding of regional development, industrial development, etc., resulting in a single planning content and limited role.
3. The operability of industrial planning is not strong. Due to the uneven level of the preparation team of the industrial plan, the incomplete understanding of the local actual situation, and the insufficient understanding of the problems and obstacles in the industrial development, the connection between the industrial plan and the urban planning, land use planning and other spatial planning is contradictory, and the idea and layout of the industrial plan are difficult to implement.
Industrial planning plays an irreplaceable role in the economic development of cities and counties. Therefore, not everyone can design it. We must seek experts with strong theoretical level who can grasp the current situation and trends of international and domestic industrial development, rather than blindly seeking qualified construction planning units from the perspective of project implementation. More importantly, we should pay attention to the team nature of experts, because industrial planning involves many different industries and needs to be completed by many experts, rather than simply handing it over to a professor.
In the process of urban planning, industrial planning has its normative methods: first, analyze the economic development stage and industrial structure to clarify the current industrial problems and predict the future development direction. Secondly, analyze the opportunities, challenges, advantages and disadvantages of industrial development according to the industrial transfer, regional policies and local industrial characteristics of global, regional or surrounding cities. Thirdly, according to the current situation and development conditions, it proposes the overall strategy of industrial development, such as structural upgrading, clustering, high-tech, regional coordination and division of labor, and determines the advantageous (or dominant) industries and their strategies according to certain standards. Finally, according to the current industrial distribution and the principle of "developing contiguous areas and enterprises entering the park", determine the overall layout of "points, axes, belts, circles, areas and districts", or propose the intention of advantageous industrial layout, and clarify the industrial type and scale of each district. Some will hand over the task of industrial layout to the spatial part.
Industrial planning is the overall layout and planning of the industrial development layout and the adjustment of the three major industrial structures. It mainly includes current situation analysis, development strategy, industrial positioning and layout, key construction projects, policy system, etc.
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