With the deepening reform of China's fixed asset investment system, the project construction management system has been in line with the international practice. In the fixed asset investment project management system, the project legal person responsibility system, capital fund system, supervision system and project management system have been successively implemented. According to the characteristics of the project and after the implementation of the project legal person system, the responsibility of the project legal person will inevitably lead to some problems when many project legal persons lack project management knowledge. By analyzing the similarities and differences between construction supervision and project management, and the responsibilities of professional project management organizations in project construction, this paper believes that it is necessary for China's engineering construction industry to develop professional project management consulting services.
1、 After the implementation of the legal person responsibility system for construction projects, the necessity of carrying out project management in construction projects
The responsibility system of construction project legal person is a project management system in which the construction project legal person is responsible for the whole process of project planning, fund raising, construction implementation, production and operation, debt repayment and asset maintenance and appreciation. The project legal person responsibility system has played a certain role in establishing the investment responsibility constraint mechanism and improving the investment efficiency. The person in charge of management can be assigned according to the project, and the project legal person or project legal person is responsible for raising funds, controlling the progress and quality of investment, and taking corresponding risks to complete the project construction.
According to the basic principles of project management, the success of any project depends on the effectiveness of project management by all parties involved in the project implementation. At present, the project legal person plays a decisive role in the success or failure of the project. The main problems existing in the project legal person's direct management of the construction project are:
1. "Three super" investment. The project legal person integrates investment, construction, management and use, and there is no interest restriction and opacity between them. There are weak links in project construction management, and the situation of "over scale, over standard and over budget" often occurs.
2. Delay the construction period. The staff of the project management organization is a temporary team, lacking the overall and comprehensive management ability for the project, resulting in out of control investment, delayed construction period, and poor quality assurance.
3. Lack of project management knowledge. Due to the characteristics of temporary, one-time, purposeful, restrictive, cyclical and complex projects, CPM and PERT technology appeared in the United States as early as the 1950s, and the project management theory gradually matured in the 1980s, forming a modern project management discipline. The project management system led by the United States, the American Project Management Institute (PMI), has been recognized by more than 100 countries in the world, and the world implements a unified registration, certification and examination system. The project management system has formed perfect knowledge, technology and methods, which has played a significant role in promoting the implementation of international project management. Project management uses its proprietary knowledge, technology and methods to manage the quality, cost, progress, information, procurement and risk of engineering construction projects, so as to meet the requirements of project stakeholders for the project.
For a large engineering construction project, it involves the competent government departments, municipal supporting departments, investors, users, as well as survey, design, construction, supervision, materials and equipment and other participants. Some projects need to be entrusted to multiple units, so only by using professional communication, organization and coordination techniques and methods to deal with relevant organizations inside and outside the system, can the project be successfully implemented.
Entrusting a specialized project management organization to manage the project construction reflects the specialized division of labor in the market. The level of division of labor within an industry is determined by the size of the market. With the expansion of the construction industry market, further specialization has become the inevitable result of market expansion, and this specialization has brought changes in management methods. How to more effectively integrate the industrial fields, such as planning, design, construction and other elements, so as to improve the construction efficiency and save construction funds under the same conditions, has become an important issue for market players. Professional and professional project management is the inevitable result of professional division of labor in the construction industry for the change of management mode.
In view of the importance of project management to the success or failure of the project, and the professional requirements of project management due to the characteristics of the project, in reality, for most project legal persons, they lack professional knowledge and project management ability among all project management participants because they do not understand the basic construction procedures and do not have project management experience. In general, the project legal person should invest a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to manage the project, which has always been twice the effort and half the effort. It is required to employ professional project management units, use professional knowledge, technology and methods to plan, implement, control and correct the scope, quality, cost, progress, resources, risks and procurement of engineering construction projects, seek balance between construction period, investment and quality, avoid investment risks and achieve greater investment benefits. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to carry out project management extensively in China.
2、 Suggestions on improving project management consulting services
1. Strengthen the construction of relevant laws, regulations and industry norms. At present, China's construction market is still imperfect, and project management is not fully standardized. We must implement the relevant national policies, establish and improve laws, regulations and systems for various types of construction market management, speed up the cleaning up and abolition of laws and regulations that are incompatible with WTO rules and international practices, and achieve a complete range of complementary, avoid overlapping Missing vacancies and conflicts.
2. China's investment system should be further in line with international standards, financing should be diversified, and the investment management system should become the project legal person responsibility system. It is necessary to accelerate the reform of the investment system, establish a sound responsibility incentive and constraint mechanism, and make the project legal person pay attention to the use effect of funds and investment risks, which are important factors to promote project management.
3. Attach importance to market development and cultivation, and increase publicity. Most of the relevant government departments and some project legal persons do not understand the project management. We should transform and improve the government functions as soon as possible, establish a market access mechanism, increase the publicity of project management, strengthen the support for the introduction of project management, strengthen the construction of the integrity system and insurance system of project legal persons, so as to stimulate the market entry willingness of talents and the demand willingness of project legal persons.
4. Seek cooperation with foreign companies and introduce advanced project management experience. Project management has a history of 90 years in developed countries. They have perfect project management theories and experienced talents. Try to cooperate with foreign project management companies and consulting companies for project management in domestic foreign-funded projects or large-scale engineering projects, arrange our business backbones in each department, and try not to let foreign companies carry out project management independently.
5. Accelerate talent training. Project management has just started in China, and there are not many professionals. Medium and long-term plans for human resources should be formulated. Strengthen the training according to the requirements of compound, export-oriented and pioneering talents, and improve the organizational ability, coordination ability and management level of project management talents; Improve the incentive mechanism for talents and retain talents. We should introduce talents in many ways, add some compound talents who understand technology and management, and introduce talents with international project management experience to meet the needs of international competition in project management.
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